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How Garbage Collection Works: Mark-and-Sweep, Generational Collectors, and Pause Times

Garbage collection is the runtime mechanism that finds heap objects a program can no longer reach and reclaims their memory. Manual allocato...

Sarthak Bystander 6 Sept, 2026

Latest Posts

How Garbage Collection Works: Mark-and-Sweep, Generational Collectors, and Pause Times

Garbage collection is the runtime mechanism that finds heap objects a program can no longer reach and reclaims their memory. Manual allocato...

Sarthak Bystander 6 Sept, 2026

How Virtual Memory Works: Pages, Page Tables, and Page Faults

Why virtual memory exists A process does not own a private bank of RAM chips. It owns a private address space: virtual addresses the CPU wi...

Sarthak Bystander 5 Sept, 2026

How TCP Works: Handshake, Reliability, and Congestion Control

HTTP can describe a request. DNS can find an address. Neither of those steps moves a single reliable byte across an unreliable network. That...

Sarthak Bystander 4 Sept, 2026

What Happens When You Type a URL? Step-by-Step Explained

You type a website address, press Enter, and a page appears. That moment feels instant, but it triggers a carefully coordinated sequence of ...

Sarthak Bystander 4 Sept, 2026

Processes vs Threads Explained: How Programs Run Concurrently

Every running program becomes a process . A process owns isolated virtual memory, open files, credentials, and at least one thread . A threa...

Sarthak Bystander 3 Sept, 2026

Processes vs Threads Explained: How Programs Run Concurrently

Introduction A process is a running program with its own memory. A thread is the scheduled unit of execution inside a process. This article ...

Sarthak Bystander 3 Sept, 2026

SQL vs NoSQL Explained: How Databases Differ

SQL vs NoSQL is one of the first architecture choices a developer makes. This guide explains how each model stores data, how queries work in...

Sarthak Bystander 2 Sept, 2026

How Caching Works: A Beginner Guide for Developers

Every time you open a website and it loads in a fraction of a second, caching is probably doing most of the work. Caching is one of the most...

Sarthak Bystander 1 Sept, 2026

How Authentication Works: Sessions, Tokens, and JWT

Every useful web application eventually asks the same question: who is this user, and what are they allowed to do? Authentication answers th...

Sarthak Bystander 31 Aug, 2026

How REST APIs Work: Architecture Explained for Beginners

Every time a mobile app loads your profile, a website fetches search results, or one service talks to another, a REST API is usually involve...

Sarthak Bystander 30 Aug, 2026